How to submit.
怎么提交呢。
We want to hear from all artists and makers who have a passion for creating.
我们希望能听到所有对创作充满激情的艺术家和创作家的声音。
That's cool .
太酷了。
Hi.
嗨。
James from engVid.
我是来自engVid的James。
You notice?
你注意到了吗?
I was reading.
我刚刚在阅读。
It's not a special skill.
这不是一个特殊的技巧。
Most of us learn it, but the problem is when you go to another language it's difficult sometimes to understand what's on the paper and be able to use that.
多数人都在学习阅读，但问题是，当你阅读另一门语言时，有时会感觉很难理解字面上的意思或是很难来使用这门语言。
So today's lesson is about mind maps.
今天的课程是关于思维导图的。
Mind maps?
思维导图?
Yeah.
是的。
Wait a second, mind maps and reading.
等一下，是思维导图和阅读。
I did a general lesson earlier on.
我之前讲过一堂科普课。
Somewhere in the link you can look down and you can find it, go back, you can watch it.
链接里在某个地方，你能从下面看到它，倒回去，你就可以进行收看了。
But in that lesson I didn't give any specific examples on mind maps.
但在那堂课里，我没有给出任何关于思维导图的具体例子。
I'm doing this particular lesson to address that.
我特别做了这期节目来诠释它。
So, if you're here going: " Yeah, I want to learn about mind maps and reading" , this is your lesson.
那么，如果你想要说：“好啊，我想学习思维导图和阅读”，就在这堂课上。
Hold on two seconds.
等一下。
We're going to discuss what the benefits are, what the benefits of reading are, then I'm going to give you a very detailed mind map explaining what parts you should do for what, and that'll help you with reading.
我们会探讨一下它的好处，阅读的好处是什么，然后我会展示一个详细的思维导图，来诠释你应该做些什么，这有助于你的阅读。
Are you ready?
准备好了吗?
Let's go to the board.
来一起看黑板。
All right, E, what's up?
好吧，怎么了？
" It's all Greek to me." Omega, it's not the best symbol, you probably can't see it, but Greek.
“对我来说太难了。”Omega，不是最好的符号，你可能没看出来，但确实是难懂的事。
In English we say when something's Greek to me, it means we don't understand it.
在英语中当我们说，这些事对我来说好难理解啊，意思就是我不理解。
A lot of times you'll get a big contract when, you know, you have your cellphone and there's a bill and it's: " Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah" , and you're like: " I don't understand it. It's all Greek." I know you understand all of the words, it's just they're put together in such a way it's difficult, and that doesn't matter if you're reading your own language or another language.
一张单据会困扰你，让你投入大量的时间，比如你手机上的账单，上面有一堆：“布拉布拉布拉布拉”，你就会说：“我不明白。这太难了。”我知道你理解所有的单词，只是它们用这样的方式放在一起却很难理解，如果你在阅读母语或其它语言的时候，其实并不重要。
But there are a lot of benefits when you're learning another language that reading gives you.
但当你在学习另一门语言时，阅读会给你带来很多好处。
And a lot of people want to talk and listen, but reading has some power.
许多人想要聊天和倾听，但阅读也很重要。
And let's address that now.
现在让我们来诠释一下吧。
Okay?
好吗?
So mind maps are reading comprehension.
思维导图就是阅读理解。
Don't worry if you haven't seen the mind map, it's coming up in a second or two.
如果你没见过思维导图也没关系，马上你就能看到了。
But the first thing I want to talk to you about is reading helps you understand the way that the language is put together.
但首先我想要跟大家聊聊阅读帮助你理解的方式，就是把这些单词都捏合在一起。
Most of you will come and. . .
多数人都会来......
You come to engVid to learn vocabulary and grammar, but that doesn't help you with syntax, that doesn't help you with putting the words together in a logical way.
来到engVid学习词汇和语法，但这对语法没有帮助，并不能帮助你用逻辑的方式把单词拼在一起。
Reading does that because. . .
阅读就可以做到，是因为......
Well, let's face facts, when you're reading someone is actually speaking to you but they're not in front of you.
让我们面对现实，当你阅读的时候有人在跟你说话，但他们并不在你面前。
So the problem is if they're not very clear and they don't use the language well, you won't really understand them.
问题是当他们说的不清楚，而且表达的不流畅的时候，你不会真正的理解他们说的话的。
Right?
对吧？
So reading teaches you how to. . .
阅读告诉你如何......
The language is put together, where the verbs go, and when's a better place to use the verb or a noun, and how you can show expressions.
把语言拼在一起，动词都用在哪，什么地方该用动词或名词，以及如何表达。
Okay?
对吧?
Reading also teaches you how to speak by showing you the way that the language is used by the native speakers.
阅读还能教你如何说话，它能告诉你母语者说话的方式。
Huh?
真的吗?
Well, if it's a fiction book they actually say: " -'Johnny, are you coming? ' -'Yes. ' Dah, dah, dah, dah" , and they show you how we use the language.
对的，如果这是一本小说，他们会说：“Johnny，你来吗？- 是的。布拉布拉布拉”，它们能告诉你我们是如何使用这门语言的。
So not only do you understand how to put the language together by looking at it and going: " Ah, comma here, period here" , but then they say: " Hey, this is how we speak." So if you follow this you can actually use that kind of method or sys-. . .
不仅会通过阅读和使用来让你理解如何把语言拼在一起：”这是逗号，这是句号“，还能展现出：”这就是我们说话的方式。“如果你模仿它，你就能真正的使用这种方法或系统......
Not system.
不是系统。
You can follow those words and actually speak like we do.
你能模仿用那些单词，像我们一样说话。
All right?
对吧？
Number three, vocabulary.
第三，是词汇。
I talked about it up here.
我之前说过的。
Reading introduces vocabulary in a natural way.
阅读会很自然地引入词汇。
Have you ever had a teacher or read a book where they have 20 words and they say: " These are your 20 words" ?
你曾有过老师教或读过书，而且有20个单词，并告诉你：”这些就是你的20个单词“吗？
And when you look back, you're like: " Why did they teach me these 20 and not these 20, and why this word and not that word? " Well, when they're reading they're saying: " Here's words" , and you can see the vocabulary, you can look at the picture that it's in-and that's a key that I'm going to say picture; I'll come back to that-and you can see: " Ah, that's how it fits, and now I have an understanding of the word not just by dictionary definition, but how people actually use it in real life in that language." Okay?
当你回看过去时，你就会说：”为什么他们教我这20个，而不是那20个，为什么是这个单词而不是那个？“当他们在阅读时，他们会说：”就是用这些单词啊”，你可以查字典，你可以看图片，我要说的关键点就是图片；我会回到那里-你能看到：“就是这样，现在我不仅通过字典的定义，而且通过人们在现实生活中如何使用这种语言来理解这个单词。”对吧？
So at the end of it I say: Reading is good for you, like an orange.
最后，我会说：“读书对你有好处，就像橙汁一样。
You know, you have orange juice?
你知道的，你喝过橙汁吗？
Delicious.
非常可口。
It's good for you.
对你有好处。
Right?
对吧？
But there is a key that you have to remember, and that is: Reading is difficult if you don't know 80% of the vocabulary, and this is where the mind map comes in.
但有一个关键点是你必须要记住的，那就是：如果有80%的词汇你都不认识，阅读将是一件很难的事，这时思维导图就要补充进来。
If you don't know 80% of the vocabulary you won't understand most of what is on the paper.
如果你不认识其中80%的词汇，纸面上大多数内容你都看不懂。
But the funny thing is if you see a picture, even if you don't know all the words, you can understand how that picture goes together.
不过还有件好事，如果你看到一张图，即使你不认识所有的单词，你也能理解这张照片是如何被关联在一起的。
Right?
对吧？
We're going to use mind maps to create a picture for you to look at and understand, and then take some of the vocabulary that you may not know and give you a really clear understanding.
我们将要用思维导图来创造一张图，让你看到并能理解，再展示一些你可能不认识的单词，让你很清晰的理解它。
Ready for your next adventure?
准备好接下来的冒险了吗？
Let's turn to the next chapter.
让我们进入下一篇章。
Okay, so I promised a mind map for reading, and voila.
我承诺过能用思维导图来阅读，很棒哦。
But before I get there, I want to just go over a couple of things.
但在我证实它之前，我想先复习一些内容。
Okay?
好吗？
Why do we have. . . ?
为什么我们会有......？
There are three reasons for the mind map.
对于思维导图来说，有三点原因。
I discussed what reading was about.
我讨论过什么是阅读。
But I discussed reading, but I didn't talk about the mind map and how they actually go together, and I'm going to fix that right now.
我讨论过阅读，但我没讲过思维导图以及如何关联它们，我现在就要说明这一点。
We want to use the mind map to do these three things to make reading much easier.
我想用思维导图来做这三件事，让阅读变得更简单。
Do you remember I said if you don't understand at least 80%, so it's only 20% you don't understand, reading something will be impossible?
还记得我之前说过的，如果你不认识至少80%的词汇，现在只有20%你不认识，阅读会是一件不可能的事吗？
These are the three reasons we want to go to mind maps to make that 20% just disappear and work for us.
就是这三个原因驱使我们用思维导图，让20%的词汇消失并为我们服务。
First, a mind map forces you. . .
首先，思维导图会集中我们的注意力......
Okay, so they break down. . .
它们会分解......
They force you to break down information into smaller parts that are easier to understand.
它们会把一条信息分解成更容易理解的几个小部分，让你更加集中注意力。
Here's my fist, I'm going to eat it.
这是我的拳头，我准备开餐了。
You see, I can't.
你看，我吃不下。
But if I do this, we make it smaller, it's easier to eat.
但如果我这么做，我就把它分解成小片，这样更容易吃掉。
Okay?
对吧?
When you have a page of information and 20% you don't understand, you just go: " I don't understand."
当你有一页纸的信息，其中有20%你不理解，你只会说：“我不认识。”
But when you break it into parts you can go: " Hey, I know this word, and this word works with that" , it's easier for you to digest or to take in.
但当你把它分成小片，你会说：“我认识这个单词，这单词是这个意思”，更有助你消化和吸收。
Number two, once you're finished the mind map all of the information can be seen quickly at a glance.
第二，一旦你完成了思维导图，所有的信息一下就一目了然了。
A glance is a quick look.
一目了然就是快速浏览。
When you. . .
当你......
No, that's not a glance.
不，那不是一目了然。
This is.
这才是。
See?
看到了吧？
That means a quick look.
这就表示一目了然。
I want to be able to look at a piece of paper and get the picture right away.
我希望能看到一页纸，然后马上得到一个场景。
And if you think about it, when you look at a picture, you don't look corner, corner, corner, corner, corner.
如果你在思考，当你看到一张图的时候，你看不到边边角角。
You look, you see the picture, you understand it.
你会看到图片，就会理解它。
That's what a mind map does for you.
这就是思维导图的作用。
And finally, the third thing is there are lots of pictures.
最后，第三点我要说的就是有大量的图片。
You're going to notice lots of silly pictures.
你会注意到很多傻傻的图片。
Well, it makes it easier to remember.
这让你更容易记住。
Because let's face it, if you read something and you don't remember it, you never read it.
因为我们要面对它，如果你阅读一些内容而不记住的话，你永远读不懂。
So I'm going to say that again to make sure you understand.
我一再要强调的是确保你能理解它。
Okay?
好吗？
If you read something and you don't remember what you read, you never read it.
如果你在阅读材料而又不记下来，你永远都读不懂。
With a mind map, because you get these little pictures, you can put a picture in your head easily.
用一个思维导图，因为你已经得到了这些小图片，你可以很容易地把导图放进脑海中。
It's easy to recall or bring back that information and remember it.
很容易回忆起这些信息，并记住它。
So the three advantages are we can break it into pieces we understand.
这三方面优点就能让我们把它分成碎片来理解。
Okay?
清楚了吗？
When we need the information--it's quick.
当我们需要这个信息的时候—很快就会浮现出来。
I don't need to go page, page.
我不需要一页一页的翻。
I can look and go: " Got it." And number three, I don't even have to look.
我能理解并说：“我明白了。”第三，我甚至都不用看。
I can just remember.
我只用记忆就行。
Nice.
漂亮。
Right?
对吧？
All right.
非常好。
So let's take a look at a very general mind map.
让我们看一张非常普通的思维导图。
What do I mean by general?
通过普通的导图我想表达什么呢？
This mind map is to give you an idea, sort of like a base.
这个思维导图会带入你的想法，有点像基础建立。
From here you can modify this type of mind map to use it for any other reading.
从这，你可以修改这类思维导图，利用它进行其它方面的阅读。
So if you're a business guy or you're a history person, you're like: " This doesn't help me" , wait, I'll show you how it can help you.
如果你是一个生意人或历史人物，你可能会说：“这对我没有帮助啊”，等一下，我会告诉你它是如何帮助到你的。
But for now let's go through the basic things you can do to make it easier.
但现在让我们从基础的东西开始，你可以让它变得更容易。
So you've read your book.
你曾经有过阅读经历。
Okay?
对吧？
You're reading through the pages.
你现在会一页一页的读。
While you're reading it, some of the things you can do is right off the bat you can have a little mind map-where are we?
当你在阅读时，你可以立刻做一些正确的事情，建立一个小小的思维导图-我们在哪？
-vocabulary, a little arm here that goes into voca-. . .
词汇，一只小胳膊伸进去......
New vocabulary.
伸到新单词里。
With the new vocabulary, you can write the word out, go to your dictionary, find a synonym.
有了新单词，你可以写下它们，查字典，找个同义词。
The dictionary usually has antonyms and synonym.
字典里都能查到反义词和同义词。
Synonym means a word that seems the same or is similar to this word, and the antonym is the opposite.
同义词就是与这个单词意思相同或相近的，反义词就是相反的。
Okay?
懂了么？
So we can look for synonyms which may help us.
我们可以查找反义词来帮助我们理解。
So you might know the word " dog" , but you don't know the word " mutt" .
你可能知道单词“狗”，但你不知道单词“杂种狗”。
A mutt is a type of dog that's mixed.
杂种狗就是一种杂交的狗。
So that's a synonym for " dog" .
它就是“狗”的近义词。
So you can use that by using your dictionary, and this will help you remember that word, and plus make your vocabulary wider.
你可以通过查字典来使用它，会帮助你记住这个单词，还能让你的词汇量扩大。
Cool.
太酷了。
Right?
对吧？
And next thing is almost every book you read, especially if it's for school-and a lot of you I know want to go to school or you're reading books-you need general information.
接下来，是关于所有你读的书，特别是上学用的书-多数人都想上学或读书-你需要一般信息。
So in this kind we can put down the type of book.
这种情况下，我们可以先不考虑书的种类。
Is it science?
是科学方面的？
Is it business?
商务方面的？
Is it fiction?
虚构的？
Who is the author?
作者是谁？
The Donald Trump haircut.
唐纳德特朗普的发型。
See?
看到了么？
It's blowing away.
被吹飞了。
Who's the author?
作者是谁？
Put the author's name.
写下作者的名字。
And then when was it published?
什么时候出版？
Published means: When did you make this. . . ?
出版的意思就是：你什么时候编写好......？
Or, sorry.
抱歉。
When did they make the book?
他们什么时候编写好这本书的?
When was it written and completed?
什么时候写完的？
You might want this because the information might be old.
你可能想弄清这些，因为这些信息可能过时了。
We call it dated, and it's no good anymore.
我们称之为过时了，不再是好信息了。
Or it could be relevant, which means it's good and useful now.
它或许是相关的内容，意味着现在还是很好、很有用的。
Right?
对吧？
And that publishing helps you.
这类出版物是对你有帮助的。
It's a quick glance.
这就是一目了然。
Remember?
记住了么？
You might read five books and you can quickly go through everything you need on one piece of paper.
你可能阅读5本书，你能够从一页纸中快速浏览你所需的一切内容。
Especially when you're writing an essay it's important because you need this.
尤其在你写论文的时候，这很重要，因为你需要这个。
Okay?
对吧？
Comprehension.
理解。
I'm going to come back to that one, because that's usually for me the last thing that happens.
我再回到这个问题上，因为对我来说，这通常是最后一件事。
So let's go over here.
让我们到这边来。
After you've written down your basic information-okay?
在你写下基本信息后，
-you're going to write chapters.
你开始写章节。
You read it.
你开始阅读。
I don't care what book you read, they have chapters.
我不关心你读的什么书，但都有章节。
Well, have. . .
都有......
Sorry.
抱歉。
Let me correct myself.
让我纠正一下自己。
If they're good books they have chapters.
如果是本好书，都有章节。
Magazines even have chapters.
甚至报纸都有。
Right?
对吧？
Different part, you know, there's the food one, there's the investment, on clothing.
不同的部分，有关于食物的，有投资的，有服装的。
It's not called a chapter, but you get the idea.
不能称为章节，但你明白我要表达的意思。
You can put the chapter's title, the basic information because a lot of times they'll outline what is in this chapter, and then you can put down the important details that you get.
你可以写下章节标题，基础信息，因为多数时候它们都能概述下这一章的内容，然后你就可以写下你所得到的重要细节。
It doesn't have to be what the book says, it's what maybe you think or what the book says.
不必记录下书里都写了什么，你怎么想的或书上怎么说的。
This organizes that information so that when you go back it's easier to remember than to read 400 pages.
这已经把信息都组织好了，当你往回浏览的时候，这比你重新读400页内容要更容易。
Timeline.
时间表。
Things happen at a certain time.
事件都是在某一时间下发生的。
So what happened and when?
发生了什么，什么时间发生的？
For history this is perfect.
对历史来说，这太完美了。
Now, do you remember I told you we could modify one?
你还记得我之前说过的修改吗？
You don't need this if this is business.
如果你是生意人，你不需要这个。
It's not necessary to have a timeline, but you might have something called business strategies and it could be business strategies and strategy number one for marketing, strategy number two for investment.
不必都有时间表，你可能会用某些被称为商业战略的东西，第一战略是营销，第二战略是投资。
But let's go back again and say this. . .
让我们再复习一下，这样说......
We wanted to change this once again and we wanted to talk about a fictional book, the life of Muhammad Ali, for instance.
我们想再一次改变这一点，我们想聊聊一本小说，比如穆罕默德·阿里的生平。
We could change this to put down characters.
我们可以修改它，写下这个角色。
And when we say characters, it would be Muhammad Ali's a character, lead character, maybe his brother is another character for the personality, or when we talk about the types of characters that are in the book.
当我们涉及到各个章节时，它可以是穆罕默德·阿里的人物角色，主角，他的兄弟可能是另一个人物角色，或者在我们谈论书中的各种角色。
You can use it for a whole bunch of things.
我们可以把它用在各种事物上。
So you can take this one arm out and change it.
你可以把它替换出来，修改它。
So we could use it for business, for strategies, you could use it for fiction writing to describe the characters that are in there.
我们可以把它用在商业上，策略上，也可以用在传记上，以此来描述各个角色。
Now, Muhammad Ali's non-fiction, but let's pretend he went to the moon, that would be a fictional book.
穆罕默德·阿里不是虚构的，但我们可以假装他去了月球，变成一本虚构小说。
Okay?
清楚了吗？
So in case you're like: " He's a real guy, I know him! " You don't know him.
也许你会说：“他是一个真实的人，我认识他！”你不认识他。
I'm just saying if it was a non-fiction, the guy's name was Muhammad Ali.
我只是在表示如果这本书不是虚构的，他的名字就是穆罕默德·阿里。
Okay?
懂了吗？
But just you understand, but we can talk about the different types of characters in here or investment strategies.
你只需要理解即可，我们还能在此或在投资策略中谈论不同的角色类型。
So this one arm can be taken out, and this way you can modify this basic mind map for reading to what you're reading and doing right now.
这具有可替换性，这样你就可以修改这个基础思维导图，来阅读你现在正在阅读和做的事情。
Now, I talked about all of these and I wanted to leave this one to the end because comprehension means to understand.
现在，我都讲完了，我想把这件事留到最后，因为理解才算是看懂了。
No matter what you read and what you're told, there's always something that you've learned from that book.
无论你读的是什么，你讲的是什么，总有一些东西是你从书中学到的。
And this is the one that you want to really keep on regardless because you might want to say: " I learned this." or " I got this out of this book."
这是一个你真正想要继续下去的原因，因为你可能想说：“我学会了。”或“我从这本书中学到了这些东西。”
Because when you're going back and it's been a month since you read it or you have to do an assignment, it's kind of good to say in your conclusion even: " This is what I learned. This is what I got from this." Right?
因为当你回忆起一个月前读过的内容，或者你必须要完成一个任务时，在你的结论中，起码能有一些收获被你讲出来：“这就是我学到的。这就是我从中得到的。”对吧？
Cool?
酷吗？
Well, look, I hope this mind map lesson has been really good for you.
看，我希望这节思维导图的课程能真正对你有帮助。
I enjoyed it.
我很喜欢它。
I'm sure you got something and you can use it.
我确信你学到了一些东西，并可以使用它。
And once again, if there was some. . .
再说一次，如果有一些......
You know, some basic questions you had, check in the link, there's a link to the first lesson I did which was very general giving more of an idea of what is a mind map and why do you use it.
你有一些基本的问题要问，请点击链接，在我的第一堂课里，概括地给出了关于什么是思维导图以及为什么要使用它的更多观点。
Okay?
清楚了吗？
So anyway, I'd like to say thank you once again.
无论如何，我想再次感谢大家。
I always appreciate when you watch our videos, Mr. E and I, though he's not here.
很高兴你们能来收看我的视频，我和E先生，虽然他现在没在。
Also, I want you to subscribe, and that's somewhere around here.
同时希望大家订阅该节目，链接就在这儿。
If you just look in the box you'll find it.
方框里的内容就是链接。
And the last thing I want to say is this: As I said, I think you found this helpful, and if that's the case - do me a favour?
最后我想要说的是：如我之前说过的，你觉得有帮助的话，请帮我个忙？
Show someone else.
推荐给其他人。
Because if you learn something from it, you should share your knowledge.
因为如果你从中学到了知识，你就应该分享它。
That's what we do here at engVid, we'd love it if you can do it as well.
这就是我们在engVid做的事情，如果你也能这样做我们会很高兴的。
Anyway, have a good one and pick up a book.
总之，希望你喜欢这堂课，去读书吧。
